We have seen that different types of objects and shapes are used in our surrounding. The shape of the object is either two-dimensional or three-dimensional. If the object contains only length and breadth, it is considered as a two-dimensional or 2D object. If the object contains length, breadth and height, it is considered as a three-dimensional or 3D objects.
2D shapes are easily summarised and drawn in a piece of paper. Some of the examples of two-dimensional shapes are circle, rectangle, square, triangle etc. But 3D shapes cannot fit and summarise in the paper since it is solid or hollow. Examples of 3D shapes are a cube, cylinder, prism etc.
In our day to day life, we have seen several objects like a ball, mobiles, ice-creams etc. These things occupy spaces as they are three-dimensional in nature. The basis for 3D shapes is 2D shapes. Because when you rotate the two-dimensional plane figures, three-dimensional solid figures are obtained. It means that the 3D shape “cylinder” is obtained when we rotate the 2D shape “rectangle”.
For any two-dimensional figures, we can find the area and perimeter or circumference of an object such as perimeter and area of rectangle, triangle etc, if the length and breadth measurements are known. For three-dimensional figures, we can find the surface area and volume of a solid object. In order to find the amount of space occupied in the solid object, the measurement unit “volume” is used.
In 3D shapes, we can represent the area of the object in two different way. One is a curved surface area or lateral surface area and other is a total surface area. In a curved surface area, the area of all the curved surface of the objects is measured except the top and the bottom of the object. Whereas in total surface area, the area of all the surfaces of the three-dimensional objects is measured. The dimension measures of the 2D and 3D shapes are in the integer format which is the subset of rational numbers, we can easily find the area and volume of the objects. Nowadays, a lot of applications are developed using three-dimensional representations of the data.
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